Skema Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) dengan Perluasan Pemangku Kepentingan di Indonesia
Kajian akademis untuk memperkuat tata kelola, regulasi, dan pembiayaan pengelolaan sampah kemasan sebagai dasar revisi kebijakan EPR nasional.
Konteks dan Urgensi
Indonesia menghadapi tantangan serius dalam pengelolaan sampah kemasan pasca konsumsi. Data SIPSN KLH 2024 mencatat total timbulan sampah sekitar 33,54 juta ton per tahun, dengan sekitar 20% berasal dari produk dan kemasan. Hanya 22% plastik pasca konsumsi yang berhasil didaur ulang dan selebihnya berakhir di TPA atau mencemari lingkungan.
Indonesia telah meletakkan pondasi EPR melalui UU No. 18/2008 dan Permen LHK No. 75/2019, namun pelaksanaannya masih terbatas pada kewajiban administratif. Sistem pembiayaan kolektif dan tata kelola kelembagaan EPR yang utuh belum terbentuk sehingga inisiatif EPR cenderung sporadis dan rentan terhadap praktik free rider.
Hingga 2025, hanya 26 produsen yang sudah memiliki peta jalan yang disetujui KLH. Kontribusi EPR secara kolektif baru 4,5% dari total pengelolaan sampah kemasan nasional, jauh dari target 2039.
Empat Tantangan Utama
Tidak Ada Pembiayaan Kolektif
Produsen menanggung program sendiri-sendiri tanpa standardisasi biaya per ton atau indikator capaian yang disepakati.
Kesenjangan Data & Verifikasi
Tidak ada data kustodian independen sehingga menghambat konsolidasi pelaporan antara produsen, PRO, dan pemerintah.
Kapasitas Daerah yang Timpang
Sektor informal mendominasi rantai pengelolaan, namun belum terintegrasi dalam sistem formal daerah.
Minimnya Kepercayaan Antar Pihak
Pemerintah menilai industri kurang transparan; industri menilai regulasi terlalu normatif dan tidak efisien.
Rekomendasi Utama Kajian
- 1
Reformasi Regulasi Menyeluruh
Menyusun PP atau Perpres khusus EPR; merevisi UU No. 18/2008 untuk mendefinisikan PRO, lembaga kustodian, dan kewajiban produsen.
- 2
Lembaga Pengawas & Registry Unit
Membentuk Lembaga Pengawas lintas K/L yang melibatkan industri dan akademisi, serta Registry Unit sebagai wali data independen.
- 3
Skema Compliance Bertahap
Tiga tahap: Registrasi, Implementasi (target tonase), dan Verifikasi (audit capaian). Skema beyond compliance diakui secara terpisah.
- 4
Pembiayaan: Flat Rate → Eco-Modulation
Mulai dengan tarif flat (Rp/kg), bertahap menuju diferensiasi tarif berbasis kemudahan daur ulang material.
- 5
Integrasi Sektor Informal
Pemulung, lapak, dan bank sampah diintegrasikan ke rantai nilai formal melalui kontrak PRO dan insentif harga yang wajar.
- 6
Peta Jalan Nasional 2025–2039
Target: dari ±4,5% menjadi ±12% pada 2029, lalu ±40% pada 2039. Tinjauan berkala setiap 3 tahun.
Peta Jalan 2025–2039
Kerangka Regulasi & Kelembagaan
Penerbitan PP/Perpres EPR, revisi UU 18/2008, pembentukan Lembaga Pengawas dan Registry Unit.
Skema Compliance Berjalan, Target 12%
Tarif flat aktif. Integrasi sektor informal dimulai. Kontribusi EPR kemasan plastik naik ke 12%.
Eco-Modulation & Infrastruktur Berkembang
Diferensiasi tarif per material. Fasilitas TPS3R/TPST tumbuh melalui co-investment daerah.
Target 40% Kontribusi EPR Nasional
Audit independen berjalan, platform digital transparan dapat diakses publik.
Unduh Dokumen Lengkap
Laporan penuh (198 hal.) dan Ringkasan Eksekutif tersedia untuk diunduh.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Scheme with Multi-Stakeholder Expansion in Indonesia
An academic study to strengthen the governance, regulation, and financing of packaging waste management for national EPR policy reform.
Context and Urgency
Indonesia faces significant challenges in managing post-consumer packaging waste. National waste data (SIPSN KLH 2024) estimates total waste generation at approximately 33.54 million tonnes per year, with around 20% originating from products and packaging. Yet only 22% of post-consumer plastics are successfully recycled — the remainder ends up in landfills or leaks into the environment.
Indonesia has established the foundations for EPR through Law No. 18/2008 and Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 75/2019, but implementation remains limited to administrative obligations. A collective financing system and complete EPR governance framework have yet to materialise, leaving EPR initiatives sporadic and vulnerable to free-rider behaviour.
By 2025, only 26 producers held government-approved waste reduction roadmaps. The collective EPR contribution stood at just 4.5% of national packaging waste management — far short of Indonesia's 2039 circular economy targets.
Four Key Challenges
No Collective Financing System
Producers fund programmes independently, without standardised per-tonne costs or agreed performance indicators.
Data and Verification Gaps
The absence of an independent data custodian impedes consolidated reporting between producers, PROs, and government.
Uneven Regional Capacity
The informal sector dominates waste management chains but remains unintegrated into formal regional systems.
Low Inter-Party Trust
Government views industry as insufficiently transparent; industry views regulation as overly normative and inefficient.
Key Recommendations
- 1
Comprehensive Regulatory Reform
Draft an EPR-specific Government Regulation (PP) or Presidential Regulation (Perpres); revise Law 18/2008 to define PROs, custodian bodies, and mandatory producer participation.
- 2
Supervisory Body & Registry Unit
Establish a cross-ministry Supervisory Body involving industry and academia, and a Registry Unit as an independent data custodian with a legal mandate for data confidentiality.
- 3
Phased Compliance Scheme
Three phases: Registration, Implementation (tonnage targets), and Verification (performance audit). Beyond-compliance programmes are recognised separately.
- 4
Financing: Flat Rate → Eco-Modulation
Start with a flat per-tonne rate (IDR/kg), progressing to differentiated tariffs based on material recyclability.
- 5
Informal Sector Integration
Waste pickers, intermediaries, and waste banks are integrated into the formal value chain through PRO contracts and fair price incentives.
- 6
National Roadmap 2025–2039
Targets: from ±4.5% to ±12% by 2029, then ±40% by 2039. Three-yearly reviews to align with market and technology conditions.
Implementation Roadmap 2025–2039
Regulatory & Institutional Framework
Issue EPR-specific PP/Perpres, revise Law 18/2008, establish the Supervisory Body and Registry Unit.
Compliance Scheme Live, Target 12%
Flat-rate tariffs active. Informal sector integration begins. EPR contribution for plastic packaging rises to 12%.
Eco-Modulation & Infrastructure Growth
Differentiated tariffs by material. Waste facilities (TPS3R, TPST) scale through regional co-investment.
40% National EPR Contribution Target
Independent auditing operational, publicly accessible digital platform live.
Download Full Documents
Full report (198 pages) and Executive Summary available for download.